LIKELY EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON ETHICAL AND LEGAL IMPLICATIONS

1.According to Social Contract Theory, why do people create moral rules and establish a government?

a. To gain the benefits of social living

b. To maintain social anarchy

c. To promote self-interest

d. To enforce religious beliefs

2.What does Social Contract Theory propose regarding the relationship between people and government?

a. People have a duty to obey the government without question

b. Government has the authority to control all aspects of people’s lives

c. People and government have a mutual agreement to follow moral rules

d. Government has the sole right to make decisions for the people

3.What is one criticism of Social Contract Theory?

a. None of us signed the social contract

b. It follows religious beliefs

c. It provides multiple solutions for moral problems

d. It upholds discrimination in customer relationships

4.Which ethical principle is associated with the concept of “do no harm”?

a. Autonomy

b. Beneficence

c. Non-maleficence

d. Justice

5.Which ethical principle emphasizes the need for fairness and equality in customer relationships?

a. Autonomy

b. Beneficence

c. Non-maleficence

d. Justice

Answer: d. Justice

6.According to Social Contract Theory, why is cooperation essential in a civilized society?

a. To maintain social anarchy

b. To promote self-interest

c. To enforce religious beliefs

d. To ensure the benefits of social living

7.What is the main purpose of a social contract, as proposed by Thomas Hobbes?

a. To restrict individual freedoms

b. To establish a government that enforces religious laws

c. To create moral rules for governing relations among citizens

d. To promote inequality and discrimination

8.What is one limitation of Social Contract Theory in solving moral problems?

a. It does not consider individual autonomy

b. It provides conflicting solutions for moral dilemmas

c. It lacks clear guidelines for decision-making

d. It promotes self-interest over societal benefits

9.Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of presenting all options and risks to clients or subordinates?

a. Autonomy

b. Beneficence

c. Non-maleficence

d. Justice

10.What does Social Contract Theory suggest regarding the relationship between people and government?

a. People have an obligation to blindly follow the government’s decisions

b. Government has unlimited authority over people’s lives

c. People and government have a mutual agreement to follow moral rules

d. Government has no role in governing societal affairs

11.According to Social Contract Theory, why do rational people cooperate in a civilized society?

a. To promote anarchy

b. To gain personal benefits

c. To enforce religious beliefs

d. To restrict individual freedoms

12.What is the significance of the “state of nature” in Social Contract Theory?

a. It represents a state of social anarchy

b. It signifies a perfect state of society

c. It emphasizes the need for government control

d. It promotes individual liberties without any rules

13.What is one criticism of Social Contract Theory?

a. It lacks any ethical principles

b. It promotes inequality and discrimination

c. It does not consider individual autonomy

d. It does not require any government enforcement

14.Which ethical principle focuses on doing no harm to clients or employers in the IT profession?

a. Autonomy

b. Beneficence

c. Non-maleficence

d. Justice

15.How does Social Contract Theory relate to the concept of justice?

a. It promotes discrimination based on race or gender

b. It emphasizes equality in customer relationships

c. It advocates for unlimited government authority

d. It disregards the principles of justice

16.What is the main purpose of ethical principles in the computing profession?

a. To enforce religious beliefs

b. To promote self-interest

c. To provide legal guidelines

d. To guide ethical decision-making

17.Which ethical principle focuses on the well-being and happiness of others?

a. Autonomy

b. Beneficence

c. Non-maleficence

d. Justice

Answer: b. Beneficence

18.How does Social Contract Theory relate to the concept of autonomy?

a. It promotes unrestricted individual freedoms

b. It restricts individual decision-making

c. It enforces religious beliefs on individuals

d. It disregards the concept of autonomy

19.What is the main criticism of Social Contract Theory in solving moral problems?

a. It does not provide clear guidelines for decision-making

b. It lacks any ethical principles

c. It promotes inequality and discrimination

d. It disregards individual autonomy

20.How does Social Contract Theory view the relationship between people and government?

a. People have no role in governing societal affairs

b. Government has unlimited authority over people’s lives

c. People and government have a mutual agreement to follow moral rules

d. Government has no obligation to enforce any moral rules

21.According to Jean Jacques Rousseau’s view in the Social Contract, what are laws?

a. Rules created by a governing body

b. Rules that mandate or prohibit certain behavior

c. Rules created to balance individual rights and societal needs

d. Rules based on cultural values

22.What are laws enforced by?

a. Police

b. Courts

c. Law-making bodies

d. All of the above

23.What is the purpose of a legal system?

a. Maintain peace and status quo

b. Achieve justice

c. Provide police power to enforce social order

d. All of the above

24.What is the key difference between laws and ethics?

a. Laws are based on cultural values, while ethics carry the authority of a governing body.

b. Ethics are based on common fraternity, while laws are enacted from existing codes of conduct.

c. Laws have more than one meaning, while ethics are synonymous with everyday words.

d. Ethics are enforced by police, while laws are based on fixed moral attitudes.

25.What type of law governs the relationships among individuals and legal entities?

a. Civil law

b. Criminal law

c. Private law

d. Public law

26.What is the burden of proof in civil law cases?

a. Beyond a reasonable doubt

b. Preponderance of the evidence

c. Guilty or not guilty

d. Monetary damages

27.What type of law deals with computer-related issues such as intellectual property, data protection, and computer misuse?

a. Contract law

b. Criminal law

c. Computer evidence law

d. Computer-related law

28.What are the duties of a contract?

a. Fidelity, Confidence, Culpability

b. Implied assent, approved, consent

c. Coercion, undue influence, misrepresentation

d. Gambling, prostitution, dealing with a mentally ill person/minor

29.What can never be limited or excluded in a contract?

a. Liability for death or personal injury caused by negligence

b. Liability for fraud

c. Strict liability

d. All of the above

30.What are IT Contracts?

a. Software Ownership

b. Contract law

c. Criminal law

d. Computer-related law

31.What is the purpose of a statute of limitations in criminal law?

a. To limit the types of crimes that can be prosecuted

b. To protect defendants from double jeopardy

c. To ensure that cases are resolved quickly

d. To prevent evidence from becoming stale or unreliable

32.Which of the following is NOT a legal requirement for a valid contract?

a. Consideration

b. Offer and acceptance

c. Intention to create legal relations

d. Written form

33.In tort law, what is the legal term for a wrongful act that causes harm to another person?

a. Liability

b. Negligence

c. Damages

d. Tortfeasor

34.What is the primary purpose of intellectual property law?

a. To protect the rights of inventors and creators

b. To regulate business transactions

c. To enforce contracts

d. To ensure consumer safety

35.Which of the following is NOT a type of intellectual property?

a. Trademark

b. Patent

c. Copyright

d. Endorsement

36.What is the legal term for a person who inherits property through a will?

a. Executor

b. Beneficiary

c. Trustee

d. Devisee

37.What is the purpose of antitrust laws?

a. To prevent unfair competition and monopolies

b. To regulate labor relations

c. To protect consumers from unsafe products

d. To enforce immigration policies

38.What is the legal term for a contract that is agreed upon and signed by both parties?

a. Executed contract

b. Unilateral contract

c. Express contract

d. Void contract

39.In criminal law, what is the mental state that involves the intent to commit a crime and the awareness that the act is wrong?

a. Mens rea

b. Actus reus

c. Corpus delicti

d. Res ipsa loquitur

40.What is the legal doctrine that allows a person to use force to defend themselves or their property?

a. Self-incrimination

b. Self-defense

c. Due process

d. Presumption of innocence

41.Which of the following is NOT an example of netiquette?

A) Visiting pornographic sites.

B) Stealing closed source software.

C) Providing references when reproducing copyrighted material.

D) Threatening and insulting emails.

E) Asking for money.

42.What should you assume about the privacy of emails on the internet?

A) Emails are always private.

B) Emails are never private.

C) Emails are private only if marked as such.

D) Emails are private only if sent to trusted recipients.

E) Emails are not private and anyone may read what you write.

43.What should you do when sending emails?

A) Use excessive capitalization (CAPS).

B) Include attachments without asking.

C) Sign up for free things or advertisements.

D) Talk about multiple subjects in one email.

E) Keep emails short and check punctuation/spelling..

44.What should you do when encountering spam emails?

A) Open all emails and click on links.

B) Forward spam emails to everyone in your contact list.

C) Ignore spam emails and delete them.

D) Reply to spam emails with personal information.

E) Sign up for offers from spam emails.

45.What is the appropriate way to end an email?

A) Include excessive smiley faces.

B) Use all capital letters (CAPS).

C) Provide references for paraphrased content.

D) Ask for money.

E) Say “Thanks” or an appropriate closing.

46.What is the focus of learner-centered teaching and learning methods?

a) Placing the teacher at the center of the educational process

b) Placing the curriculum at the center of the educational process

c) Placing the learner at the center of the educational process

d) Placing the technology at the center of the educational process

47.What does BYOD stand for in the context of education?

a) Bring Your Own Discipline

b) Bring Your Own Devices

c) Bring Your Own Determination

d) Bring Your Own Directions

48.What has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education?

a) Increased access and quality of education

b) No impact on traditional learning models

c) Widespread school closures disrupting traditional learning models

d) Decreased engagement and collaboration in classrooms

49.What are some challenges posed by remote or online learning during the pandemic?

a) Increased access and equity in education

b) Improved quality of education

c) Challenges related to access, equity, and quality of education

d) No challenges, as online learning is seamless

50.What are some potential benefits of gamification, virtual reality, and mixed reality in enhancing learning?

a) Increased distractions and decreased engagement

b) Limited access to technology for students

c) Enhanced engagement, collaboration, and personalized learning experiences

d) Negative impact on moral and spiritual foundations

51.What are some potential dangers of children’s online activities?

a) Increased parental control and protection

b) Improved digital inclusion for all children

c) Cyberbullying, online pornography, online gambling, and cultural distortion

d) No dangers, as online activities are safe for children

52.What is the Child Internet Protection Act?

a) An act that prohibits children from accessing the internet

b) An act that requires libraries to provide internet access to children

c) An act that mandates surveillance of children’s online activities

d) An act that promotes digital inclusion for children

53.What is one potential ethical concern with tracking children’s online activities?

a) It hinders digital inclusion for children

b) It promotes privacy and trust among parents and children

c) It aligns with human-computer interaction perspectives

d) It enhances parent-child relationships

54.What is the Medical Perspective on tracking children’s online activities?

a) It is necessary for maintaining children’s health and well-being

b) It is irrelevant to children’s health and well-being

c) It should be based on the child’s temperament and medical history

d) It promotes open surveillance and device sharing among siblings

55.What is the Divine Command Rule related to surveillance?

a) Surveillance is biblical and aligns with religious beliefs

b) Surveillance is against religious beliefs

c) Surveillance is irrelevant to religious beliefs

d) Surveillance is only applicable in medical contexts

56.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a dependable and trusted system?

A. Confidentiality

B. Integrity

C. Accessibility

D. Reliability

57.What is the meaning of “Interception” as a security threat?

A. Unauthorized access to data

B. Preventing message transfer

C. Changing message content

D. Inserting messages

58.What does “Encryption” do in the context of network security?

A. Prevents message transfer

B. Changes message content

C. Verifies the identity of a subject

D. Transforms data into something that an attacker cannot understand

59.What is the purpose of “Authorization” in network security?

A. To prevent unauthorized access to data

B. To verify the identity of a subject

C. To determine whether a subject is permitted to use certain data

D. To trace subjects’ access to files for auditing purposes

60.What is the main objective of “Auditing” in network security?

A. To prevent unauthorized access to data

B. To verify the identity of a subject

C. To trace subjects’ access to files for auditing purposes

D. To transform data into something that an attacker cannot understand

61.What is a computer virus?

a) A standalone malware program

b) A piece of self-replicating code embedded within another program

c) A benign program that conceals a sinister purpose

d) A politically motivated attack against IT resources

62.How do viruses spread?

a) By exploiting security holes in computer networks

b) By tricking users into downloading them through social engineering

c) By replicating themselves and infecting other programs

d) All of the above

63.What is a worm?

a) A standalone malware program

b) A benign program that conceals a sinister purpose

c) A politically motivated attack against IT resources

d) A program that replicates itself by exploiting security holes in computer networks

64.What is a Trojan horse?

a) A standalone malware program

b) A piece of self-replicating code embedded within another program

c) A benign program that conceals a sinister purpose

d) A politically motivated attack against IT resources

65.What is a remote access Trojan (RAT)?

a) A standalone malware program

b) A piece of self-replicating code embedded within another program

c) A benign program that conceals a sinister purpose

d) A program that gives an attacker access to a victim’s computer

66.How do attackers typically trick users into downloading a RAT?

a) By exploiting security holes in computer networks

b) By replicating themselves and infecting other programs

c) By hiding the RAT inside a file posted to a Usenet news group

d) By using a socially engineered email attachment

67.What is the purpose of antivirus software?

a) To replicate and spread itself to other computers

b) To exploit security holes in computer networks

c) To detect and destroy viruses on a computer

d) To give an attacker access to a victim’s computer

68.What was the first computer virus that moved from one IBM PC to another?

a) The Brain virus

b) The Michelangelo virus

c) The Melissa virus

d) The Love Bug virus

69.What is cyberterrorism?

a) A politically motivated attack against IT resources

b) A benign program that conceals a sinister purpose

c) A program that replicates itself by exploiting security holes in computer networks

d) A standalone malware program

70.What is the purpose of a remote access Trojan (RAT)?

a) To replicate and spread itself to other computers

b) To exploit security holes in computer networks

c) To give an attacker access to a victim’s computer

d) To trick users into downloading it through social engineering