LIKELY QUESTIONS ON ETHICAL AND LEGAL IMPLICATIONS
1. Which of the following best defines behavioral beliefs in ethics?
a) Beliefs about what is socially acceptable or morally right or wrong
b) Beliefs about an individual’s ability to control their own behavior
c) Beliefs about what is right and wrong, and how people should behave in certain situations
d) Beliefs about an individual’s ability to make a positive impact on the world
2.Normative beliefs in ethics are influenced by:
a) Personal experiences
b) Cultural norms
c) Societal expectations
d) All of the above
3.Control beliefs in ethics refer to:
a) Beliefs about what is socially acceptable or morally right or wrong
b) Beliefs about an individual’s ability to control their own behavior
c) Beliefs about what is right and wrong, and how people should behave in certain situations
d) Beliefs about an individual’s ability to make a positive impact on the world
4.Which of the following factors can shape normative beliefs in ethics?
a) Family upbringing
b) Education
c) Religious teachings
d) All of the above
5.Control beliefs in ethics can be influenced by:
a) Past experiences
b) Self-efficacy
c) External support and resources
d) All of the above
6.Behavioral beliefs in ethics can be influenced by:
a) Personal experiences
b) Cultural norms
c) Societal expectations
d) All of the above
7.Which of the following is an example of normative belief in ethics?
a) Belief in one’s ability to resist temptation
b) Belief in the inherent value of animals
c) Belief in the importance of environmental sustainability
d) Belief in the ability to make a positive impact on the world
8.What do control beliefs influence ethics?
a) An individual’s ability to resist temptation
b) An individual’s moral values and beliefs
c) An individual’s perception of social norms
d) An individual’s ability to make a positive impact on the world
9.Which of the following factors can shape control beliefs in ethics?
a) Stress
b) Fatigue
c) Social pressure
d) All of the above
10.What do normative beliefs in ethics refer to?
a) Beliefs about what is right and wrong, and how people should behave in certain situations
b) Beliefs about an individual’s ability to control their own behavior
c) Beliefs about what is socially acceptable or morally right or wrong
d) Beliefs about an individual’s ability to make a positive impact on the world
11.What is relativism in ethics?
a. A theory that holds that moral truths are absolute and universal
b. A theory that holds that moral truths are relative to cultural and social context
c. A theory that rejects the concept of moral values altogether
d. A theory that promotes moral subjectivism
12.Which form of relativism in ethics emphasizes that moral judgments are based on subjective opinions and attitudes of individuals?
a. Cultural relativism
b. Moral subjectivism
c. Individual relativism
d. Emotivism
13.What is an example of relativism in ethics?
a. Female genital mutilation (FGM)
b. Human rights violations
c. Capital punishment
d. All of the above
14.What is the main criticism of subjective relativism?
a. It denies the possibility of moral progress and improvement
b. It promotes cultural diversity and tolerance
c. It acknowledges individual autonomy and diversity
d. It promotes objective moral standards
15.What is cultural relativism in ethics?
a. The belief that there are universal moral values that apply to all cultures
b. The belief that moral values are based on individual preferences and opinions
c. The belief that moral values are determined by the culture in which they occur
d. The belief that moral judgments are simply expressions of emotional responses
16.What is one of the advantages of cultural relativism?
a. It promotes tolerance and respect for cultural differences
b. It promotes objective moral standards
c. It denies the possibility of moral progress
d. It acknowledges individual autonomy and diversity
17.Which form of relativism in ethics argues that each person has their own unique set of moral values and beliefs?
a. Cultural relativism
b. Moral subjectivism
c. Individual relativism
d. Emotivism
18.What is one of the criticisms of cultural relativism?
a. It promotes tolerance and respect for cultural differences
b. It potentially justifies practices considered universally immoral
c. It acknowledges individual autonomy and diversity
d. It denies the possibility of moral progress
19.What is emotivism in ethics?
a. The belief that there are universal moral values that apply to all cultures
b. The belief that moral values are based on individual preferences and opinions
c. The belief that moral values are determined by the culture in which they occur
d. The belief that moral judgments are simply expressions of emotional responses
20.Which form of relativism in ethics emphasizes that what is considered right or wrong is determined by the cultural norms and practices of a particular society?
a. Cultural relativism
b. Moral subjectivism
c. Individual relativism
d. Emotivism
21.According to divine command theory, moral values and obligations are based on:
a) Human reason and rationality
b) Cultural traditions
c) God’s commands
d) Personal character traits
Answer: c) God’s commands
22.Divine command theory emphasizes the importance of:
a) Following rules and obligations
b) Personal autonomy
c) Human reason and rationality
d) Religious faith and scriptures
23.What is the main criticism of divine command theory?
a) Lack of clear moral guidance
b) Relativism and intolerance
c) Emphasis on personal autonomy
d) Universal and absolute morality
24.The Ten Commandments are considered as the foundation of morality in which religious tradition?
a) Buddhism
b) Confucianism
c) Islam
d) Judaism and Christianity
25.In Islam, Jihad is seen as a religious duty that is:
a) Based on human reason and rationality
b) Commanded by God
c) Grounded in cultural traditions
d) Subjective and relativistic
26.Virtue ethics emphasizes the importance of:
a) Following rules and obligations
b) Personal autonomy
c) Human reason and rationality
d) Cultivating personal character traits
27.According to Aristotle’s theory of virtue ethics, virtues are about finding a balance between:
a) Absolute moral values
b) Following cultural traditions
c) Extremes
d) Personal preferences
28.Confucianism emphasizes the importance of cultivating virtues such as:
a) Filial piety, respect for elders, and social harmony
b) Self-interest and personal preferences
c) Human reason and rationality
d) Universal and impartial principles
29.Kantianism is based on the concept of:
a) Universal and absolute morality
b) Personal autonomy and subjective preferences
c) Following cultural traditions
d) Categorical imperative
30.The categorical imperative states that we should act only according to those principles that:
a) Reflect cultural traditions
b) Fulfill personal preferences
c) We would want to become universal laws
d) Follow religious faith and scriptures
31.According to Kant, moral agents should act out of a sense of:
a) Following rules and obligations
b) Human reason and rationality
c) Duty
d) Relativism and tolerance
32.Kantianism emphasizes the importance of respecting the autonomy of others, treating them as:
a) Means to our own ends
b) Cultural traditions
c) Personal character traits
d) Ends in themselves
33.The duty to tell the truth is based on:
a) Following cultural traditions
b) Human reason and rationality
c) Personal autonomy
d) Kantianism
34.According to Kant, we have a duty to keep promises because:
a) It reflects cultural traditions
b) It fulfills personal preferences
c) It violates the categorical imperative
d) It is a universal principle
35.main criticism of virtue ethics is:
a) Lack of clear moral guidance
b) Relativism and intolerance
c) Following rules and obligations
d) Universal and absolute
36.Which of the following is NOT a branch of philosophy?
a) Metaphysics
b) Biology
c) Epistemology
d) Ethics
37.What is the main focus of existentialism?
a) The pursuit of happiness
b) The study of natural phenomena
c) The search for objective truth
d) The individual’s existence and freedom
38.Which ethical theory emphasizes the consequences or outcomes of actions?
a) Deontology
b) Utilitarianism
c) Virtue ethics
d) Natural law theory
39.Who is considered the father of modern political philosophy?
a) Plato
b) Aristotle
c) Thomas Hobbes
d) Immanuel Kant
40.What is the main idea behind social contract theory?
a) The pursuit of individual self-interest
b) The importance of divine commandments
c) The inherent goodness of human nature
d) The agreement among individuals to form a society and abide by its rules
41.What is the primary focus of social contract theory in ethics?
A) Individual rights and freedoms
B) Government control and authority
C) Moral and political obligations
D) Protection of personal information
42.Which ethical principle emphasizes the right of individuals to make their own choices about technology use?
A) Social contract theory
B) Principle of personal decision or autonomy
C) Principle of beneficence
D) Virtue ethics
43.What does the principle of beneficence in computing ethics focus on?
A) Protecting personal information
B) Government control and authority
C) Individual rights and freedoms
D) Promoting well-being of others
44.Which ethical principle involves designing user-friendly and accessible software?
A) Principle of beneficence
B) Social contract theory
C) Virtue ethics
D) Principle of personal decision or autonomy
45.What is the main concept of virtue ethics?
A) Individual rights and freedoms
B) Government control and authority
C) Moral and political obligations
D) Personal character and virtues
46.What is the basis of moral and political obligations according to social contract theory?
A) Individual rights and freedoms
B) Government control and authority
C) Voluntary agreement among individuals
D) Protection of personal information
47.Which ethical principle involves using data analytics to address health disparities?
A) Principle of beneficence
B) Social contract theory
C) Virtue ethics
D) Principle of personal decision or autonomy
48.What does the principle of personal decision or autonomy emphasize in computing ethics?
A) Individual rights and freedoms
B) Government control and authority
C) Moral and political obligations
D) Right to make personal choices about technology use
49.Which ethical theory suggests that individuals voluntarily agree to form a social contract with the government?
A) Principle of beneficence
B) Social contract theory
C) Virtue ethics
D) Principle of personal decision or autonomy
50.What is the main focus of virtue ethics?
A) Individual rights and freedoms
B) Government control and authority
C) Moral and political obligations
D) Personal character and virtues
51.What is the purpose of the principle of beneficence in computing ethics?
A) Protecting personal information
B) Government control and authority
C) Promoting well-being of others
D) Individual rights and freedoms
52.What does the principle of personal decision or autonomy in computing ethics emphasize?
A) Informed consent, privacy, and user autonomy
B) Government control and authority
C) Moral and political obligations
D) Protection of personal information
53.Which ethical principle involves using big data to address social problems like poverty or climate change?
A) Principle of beneficence
B) Social contract theory
C) Virtue ethics
D) Principle of personal decision or autonomy
54.According to social contract theory, why do individuals voluntarily agree to form a social contract with the government?
A) To protect their individual rights and freedoms
B) To establish government control and authority
C) To fulfill their moral and political obligations
D) To safeguard their personal information
55.Which ethical principle focuses on the responsible use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies?
A) Principle of beneficence
B) Social contract theory
C) Virtue ethics
D) Principle of personal decision or autonomy
56.What is the main emphasis of the principle of personal decision or autonomy in computing ethics?
A) Informed consent, privacy, and user autonomy
B) Government control and authority
C) Moral and political obligations
D) Protection of personal information
57.Which ethical theory suggests that the ethical behavior of individuals is based on their personal character and virtues?
A) Principle of beneficence
B) Social contract theory
C) Virtue ethics
D) Principle of personal decision or autonomy
58.What is the primary focus of the principle of beneficence in computing ethics?
A) Protecting personal information
B) Government control and authority
C) Promoting well-being of others
D) Individual rights and freedoms
59.Which ethical principle involves ensuring fairness and equity in the design and deployment of technology systems?
A) Principle of beneficence
B) Social contract theory
C) Virtue ethics
D) Principle of personal decision or autonomy
60.What is the main concept of moral and political obligations in social contract theory?
A) Individual rights and freedoms
B) Government control and authority
C) Voluntary agreement among individuals
D) Protection of personal information
61.Which of the following elements is NOT essential for a valid contract?
a. Offer
b. Acceptance
c. Consideration
d. Intention to create legal relations
e. Moral binding
62.Which type of contract is initially valid but can be legally avoided or canceled by one or more parties?
a. Valid contract
b. Executed contract
c. Executory contract
d. Voidable contract
e. Unenforceable contract
63.What type of contract refers to a legally binding agreement that has been fully performed or completed?
a. Valid contract
b. Executed contract
c. Executory contract
d. Voidable contract
e. Unenforceable contract
64.When can a contract be considered executory?
a. When all parties have fulfilled their obligations
b. When the contract is initially valid
c. When one party has not yet fulfilled their obligations
d. When the contract is morally binding
e. When the contract is unenforceable
65.Which of the following is an example of a voidable contract?
a. Employment contract
b. Rental agreement
c. Sales contract
d. Contract with a minor
e. Executed contract
66.What can make a contract unenforceable?
a. Offer and acceptance
b. Consideration
c. Intention to create legal relations
d. Fraudulent misrepresentations
e. Voidable contract
67.Which element of a valid contract requires that all parties understand and agree to the terms of the contract?
a. Offer
b. Acceptance
c. Consideration
d. Intention to create legal relations
e. Moral binding
68.What is the term used to describe a contract that has been initially valid but can be legally avoided or canceled by one or more parties?
a. Valid contract
b. Executed contract
c. Executory contract
d. Voidable contract
e. Unenforceable contract
69.Which type of contract refers to an agreement between two or more parties that is morally binding and enforceable?
a. Valid contract
b. Executed contract
c. Executory contract
d. Voidable contract
e. Unenforceable contract
70.When is a contract considered executed?
a. When all parties have fulfilled their obligations
b. When the contract is initially valid
c. When one party has not yet fulfilled their obligations
d. When the contract is morally binding
e. When the contract is unenforceable
71.Which type of contract refers to an agreement between two or more parties where one or more of the parties still have outstanding obligations to fulfill?
a. Valid contract
b. Executed contract
c. Executory contract
d. Voidable contract
e. Unenforceable contract
72.What type of contract can be avoided or canceled by a party due to certain circumstances or conditions?
a. Valid contract
b. Executed contract
c. Executory contract
d. Voidable contract
e. Unenforceable contract
73.Which element of a valid contract ensures that the parties have the intention to create legal relations?
a. Offer
b. Acceptance
c. Consideration
d. Intention to create legal relations
e. Moral binding
74.Which element of a contract refers to something of value that is exchanged between the parties as a part of the agreement?
a. Offer
b. Acceptance
c. Consideration
d. Intention to create legal relations
e. Moral binding
75.Which of the following is an example of an unenforceable contract?
a. Written contract signed by all parties
b. Oral contract with no written record
c. Contract with illegal or immoral subject matter
d. Executed contract
e. Voidable contract
76.Which type of contract refers to an agreement that is not legally binding and cannot be enforced by law?
a. Valid contract
b. Executed contract
c. Executory contract
d. Voidable contract
e. Unenforceable contract
77.What is the term used to describe a contract that has been fully performed and all parties have fulfilled their obligations?
a. Valid contract
b. Executed contract
c. Executory contract
d. Voidable contract
e. Unenforceable contract
78.Which of the following is an example of a void contract?
a. Written contract signed by all parties
b. Oral contract with no written record
c. Contract with illegal or immoral subject matter
d. Executed contract
e. Voidable contract
79.Which element of a valid contract refers to a proposal made by one party with an intention to create a legal relationship?
a. Offer
b. Acceptance
c. Consideration
d. Intention to create legal relations
e. Moral binding
80.Which element of a valid contract refers to the unconditional and unqualified agreement to the terms of the offer?
a. Offer
b. Acceptance
c. Consideration
d. Intention to create legal relations
e. Moral binding
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